HomeMy WebLinkAboutHDC2015-027 MC2 Estimators' Reference Mortar Mixes And Graphics 04/06/2015Masonry Conversions - Mortar
Page 1 of 6
l inbrarstlou�
�rrs+ral For��r
raaRarlrr�n:WnHarnaae 1
Yetric---�I
Earthwork
Cancrete
Masonry
Brick
Mortar
Lime
steel
Carpentry
RRechanlcal
£lectr czl
I H*nW
ESTIMATORS REFERENCE
Mortar Mixes
Here are seven common and uncommon mortar mixes. They are types N, M, S and
O. There is also mortar for glass block, straight lime mortar and type K. Type K is
used solely in historic preservation. Each one has a certain proportion of Portland
cement, hydrated lime and sand. Mortar proportions are always expressed in that
order. Plus, these proportions always refer to volumes, not to weight or a
combination of volumes and weights. But then, the components of these mixes are
usually purchased by weight but that's not how the mixes are measured.
A mix designated as 3/1/12 has 3 parts of Portland cement, 1 part hydrated lime
and 12 parts sand. Now let's say that you want to compute mortar by the cubic yard.
So how much of each mortar component is in a cubic yard? Let's go through all
seven of the mixes and see.
Be aware that the proportions of lime, cement and sand in each mix type can vary a
bit by geographic regions or by contractors within a region. However, we are
showing you the commonly used proportions and if you are used to something a
little different, then you are simply using a regional or personal variation on the
standard.
Also, these amounts are designed to add up to exactly one cuyd of material. Field
amounts can show other quantities of components due to the realities of outdoor
mortar mixing. Much of the literature on mortar proportions and mixes show greater
or different quantities due to the great amount of waste in the actual preparation,
transportation within the job site and handling during the use of a batch of mortar.
The numbers shown here reflect computed amounts. These are exact mathematical
measurements down to the spoonful (though we give you final amounts of sand in
tons and the other parts in bags). The tons and bags are finely measured. The
terms hydrated lime and lime putty mean the same thing since lime putty is simply
wet hydrated lime (you added some water to it and stirred it up) whereas in
hydrated lime all of the water molecules are stoichiometrically bonded to the
calcium and magnesium in the lime and the lime remains a dry powder. Lime putty
is just wet hydrated lime.
The mix calculations use densities set out by the ASTM. These are:
Portland cement 94 Ibs/cult
Hydrated lime 40 Ibs/cuft
Sand 80 Ibs/cuft
The purchased items are by these:
Portland cement 94 lb bags
Hydrated lime 50 lb bags
Sand by the ton
Component amounts
file:///C:/All%20Brian's%20Stuff/brian's%202006%20stuff Wst%20dist%20comm%202006... 4/6/2015
11/5/14
(b) Parking structures are permitted on the second floor and above. The floors dedicated to
parking shall have a fagade that complies with the Section: 36-435.05 (b) New
Construction.
(c) Surface Parking: All surface parking lots, either commercial or private, are not permitted
on properties with frontage along Main Street or Capitol Avenue.
Sec. 36-435.08. Streetscape - Hardscape.
Sidewalks shall employ Low Impact Development' (LID) strategies by installing
permeable pavers in the 4' brick strip on sand along the sidewalk. Permeable pavers are not
prohibited from being installed for the entirety of the sidewalk area. Care should be taken in
the event that a basement is located under the sidewalk.
Rain gardens may be installed per the specifications of the "Main Street Water Quality
Demonstration" plans dated 2013.
(a) Sidewalks and right-of-way improvements in general.
All repairs and new construction shall conform to this division in materials,
construction methods, shape, size, etc. Samples of material shaft be, provided to the
City's Planning Department Director or its representative to verify material match prior to
installation.
(b) Width and clearance.
(1) Sidewalks shall consist of a concrete walk in addition to a four (4'-0") feet permeable
paving strip located at the back of curb.
(2) Sidewalks shall provide adequate. clearance fait.ease of pedestrian traffic and
movement.
(c) Materials.
(1). The walks,, curbs, gutters, and tree grate frames shall be concrete in a broom
finished concrete.
(2,),-The permeable paving strip shall consist of Hanover Architectural Products #4005 4
1/2" x 9" Permeable Paver in Charcoal or approved substitute.
(3) A 'tree root barrier system shall be installed at every tree well. All barrier systems
shAtbe DeepRoot 24u Universal Guide or approved equal-
(d) Tree planting.
(1) The permeable paving strip shall be four (4) feet wide on two (2) inch sand base over
a minimum of 8" depth of compacted gravel. A non -woven geotextile shall be laid
between the compacted gravel and the sand base. No concrete base for pavers
shall be installed.
(e) Tree grates.
(1) Tree grates shall be four (4) feet by four (4) feet cast iron located at the back of curb.
All new tree grates shall be Ironsmith 4124 48"x48" Paver Grate W/TR concentric
ring tree grate in textured bronze powder coat finish or approved equal. Samples of
materials shall be provided to the DRC or its representative to verify match prior to
installation.
(f) Subdrainage.
Page 4 of 8
Masonry Conversions - Mortar
Page 2 of 6
Type N mortar
This uses a 1 / 1 / 6 mix and results in a mortar with a 750 psi compressive
strength. Type N is the normal, general purpose mortar mix and can be used in
above grade work in both exterior and interior load -bearing installations.
To get 1 cuyd of N mortar, you need 27 cubic feet of the components in a 1 to 1 to 6
proportion.
Portland cement 3.375 cuft
Hydrated lime 3.375 cuft
Sand 20.25 cuft
Total 27 cuft
Based on the ASTM densities, this gives you 317.25 Ibs of Portland cement, 135 Ibs
of hydrated lime and 1,620 Ibs of sand.
To put together a single cubic yard of type N mortar, you need to buy and mix
together:
3.375 bags of Portland cement (94 lb bags)
2.7 bags of hydrated lime (50 lb bags)
0.81 tons of sand
Type M mortar
This uses a 3 / 1 / 12 mix and results in a mortar with a 2,500 psi compressive
strength. Type M is used for below grade load -bearing masonry work and for
chimneys and brick manholes.
To get 1 cuyd of M mortar, you need 27 cubic feet of the components in a 3 to 1 to
12 proportion.
Portland cement 5.0625 cuft
Hydrated lime 1.6875 cuft
Sand 20.25 cuft
Total 27 cuft
Based on the ASTM densities, this gives you 475.875 Ibs of Portland cement, 67.5
Ibs of hydrated lime and 1,620 Ibs of sand.
To put together a single cubic yard of type M mortar, you need to buy and mix:
5.0625 bags of Portland cement (94 lb bags)
1.35 bags of hydrated lime (50 lb bags)
0.81 tons of sand
Type S mortar
file:///C:/All%20Brian's%20Stufffbrian's%202006%20stuff/hist%20dist%20comm%202006... 4/6/2015
11/5/14
N
Proposed Main Street, DOD Potentiat Areas A
Page 8 of 8
Masonry Conversions - Mortar
Page 3 of 6
This uses a 2 / 1 / 9 mix and results in a mortar with a 1,800 psi compressive
strength. Type S is used for below grade work and in such areas as masonry
foundation walls, brick manholes, retaining walls, sewers, brick walkways, brick
pavement and brick patios.
To get 1 cuyd of S mortar, you need 27 cubic feet of the components in a 2 to 1 to 9
proportion.
Portland cement 4.5 cuft
Hydrated lime 2.25 cuft
Sand 20.25 cuft
Total 27 cuft
Based on the ASTM densities, this gives you 423 Ibs of Portland cement, 90 lbs of
hydrated lime and 1,620 Ibs of sand.
To put together a single cubic yard of type S mortar, you need to buy and mix:
4.5 bags of Portland cement (94 lb bags)
1.8 bags of hydrated lime (60 lb bags)
0.81 tons of sand
Type O mortar
This uses a 1 / 2 / 9 mix and results in a mortar with a 350 psi compressive
strength. Type O is a lime rich mortar and is also referred to as "pointing" mortar. It
is used in above grade, non -load bearing situations in both interior and exterior
environments.
To get 1 cuyd of O mortar, you need 27 cubic feet of the components in a 1 to 2 to 9
proportion.
Portland cement 2.25 cuft
Hydrated lime 4.5 cuft
Sand 20.25 cuft
Total 27 cuft
Based on the ASTM densities, this gives you 211.5 Ibs of Portland cement, 180 Ibs
of hydrated lime and 1,620 Ibs of sand.
To put together a single cubic yard of type O mortar, you need to buy and mix
together:
2.25 bags of Portland cement (94 lb bags)
3.6 bags of hydrated lime (50 lb bags)
0.81 tons of sand
Type K mortar
file:///C:/All%20Brian's%20Stufflbrian's%202006%20stuff/hist%20dist%20comm%202006... 4/6/2015
11/5/14
(b) Parking structures are permitted on the second floor and above. The floors dedicated to
parking shall have a fagade that complies with the Section: 36-435.05 (b) New
Construction.
(c) Surface Parking: All surface parking lots, either commercial or private, are not permitted
on properties with frontage along Main Street or Capitol Avenue.
(d) Plant material shall be as described in Sec. 36-435.9 0
Sec. 36-435.08. Streetscape - Hardscape.
Sidewalks shall employ Low Impact Development (LID) strategies by installing
permeable pavers in the 4' brick strip on sand along the sidewalk. Permeable pavers are not
prohibited from being installed for the entirety of the sidewalk area. Care should be taken in
the event that a basement is located under the sidewalk.
Rain gardens may be installed per the specifications of the "Main Street Water Quality
Demonstration" plans dated 2013.
(a) Sidewalks and right-of-way improvements in general.
All repairs and new construction shall conform to this division in materials,
construction methods, shape, size, etc. Samples of material shall be provided to the
City's Planning Department Director or its representative to verify material match prior to
installation. .
(b) Width and clearance.
(1) Sidewalks shall consist of a concrete walk�ir_addition to a four (4'-0") feet permeable
paving strip located at the back of curb.
(2) Sidewalks shall provide adequate, clearance for- ease of pedestrian traffic and
movement.
(c) Materials.
(1). The walks, curbs, gutters, and tree grate frames shall be concrete in a broom
finished concrete.
(2�'The permeable paving strip shall consist of Hanover Architectural Products #4005 4
),12" x 9" Permeable Paver in Charcoal or approved substitute.
(3) A tree root barrier system shall be installed at every tree well. All barrier systems
shailbe DeepRoot 24, Universal Guide or approved equal.
(d) Tree planting. .
(1) The permeable paving strip shall be four (4) feet wide on two (2) inch sand base over
a minimum of 8" depth of compacted gravel. A non -woven geotextile shall be laid
between the compacted gravel and the sand base. No concrete base for pavers
shall be installed.
(e) Tree grates.
(1) Tree grates shall be four (4) feet by four (4) feet cast iron located at the back of curb.
All new tree grates shall be Ironsmith 4124 48"x48" Paver Grate W/TR concentric
ring tree grate in textured bronze powder coat finish or approved equal. Samples of
materials shall be provided to the DRC or its representative to verify match prior to
installation.
(f) Subdrainage.
Page 4 of 8
Masonry Conversions - Mortar
Page 4 of 6
This uses a 1 / 3 / 10 mix and results in a mortar with but a 75 psi compressive
strength. Type K is useful only in historic preservation situations where load bearing
strength is not of importance and the porous qualities of this mortar allows very little
movement due to temperature and moisture fluctuations. This aids in prolonging the
integrity of the old or even ancient bricks in historic structures.
To get 1 cuyd of K mortar, you need 27 cubic feet of the components in a 1 to 3 to
10 proportion.
Portland cement 1.93 tuft
Hydrated lime 5.79 cult
Sand 19.29 cult
Total 27 cuft
Based on the ASTM densities, this gives you 181.42 Ibs of Portland cement, 231.6
Ibs of hydrated lime and 1,543.2 Ibs of sand.
To put together a single cubic yard of type K mortar, you need to buy:
1.93 bags of Portland cement
4.632 bags of hydrated lime
0.7716 tons of sand
Straight lime mortar
This uses a 0 / 1 / 3 mix and is used now only to recreate the construction and
review the methods of times past or maybe for purely visual purposes. This mortar
was made before Portland cement was available in many areas and so this is what
was used. Sometimes you'll see straight lime mortar called "L" mortar (for lime) but
this is not designating it as "type L" mortar as in the MSNOK types. There is no
"type L" mortar.
To get 1 cuyd of lime mortar, you need 27 cubic feet of the components in a 0 to 1
to 3 proportion.
Portland cement none
Hydrated lime 6.75 cuft
Sand 20.25 cuft
Total 27 cuft
Based on the ASTM densities, this gives you no Portland cement, 270 Ibs of
hydrated lime and 1,620 Ibs of sand.
To put together a single cubic yard of lime mortar, you need to buy:
No bags of Portland cement
5.4 bags of hydrated lime (50 lb bags)
0.81 tons of sand
file:///C:/All%20Brian's%20Stuff/brian's%202006%20stufflhist%20dist%20comm%202006... 4/6/2015
11/5/14
Joao....
PUCO Parcels Assessor
1' Main Street DOD
= Potental Dlstrlct
OVERLAY districts
+ S MwAdhur Park Wistorlc District
® River Markel
Historic Districts
Q CAPITOL MAIN
?� MAIN STREET
EAST MARTCNAM ST
MACARTHUR PARK
Fa' a -t.
isar"
F rI
Proposed Alain Street. DOD Potential Areas
Page 8 of 8
N'
A
Masonry Conversions - Mortar Page 5 of 6
Glass block mortar
This uses a 1 / 1 / 4 mix and is used with as little water as possible. This is a mix
designed specifically for glass block. Also, note that it uses waterproof Portland
cement in place of "regular' Portland cement.
To get 1 cuyd of glass block mortar, you need 27 cubic feet of the components in a
1 to 1 to 4 proportion.
Waterproof Portland cement 4.5 cuft
Hydrated lime 4.5 cuft
Sand 18 cuft
Total 27 cuft
Based on the ASTM densities, this gives you 423 Ibs of waterproof Portland
cement, 180 Ibs of hydrated lime and 1,440 Ibs of sand.
To put together a single cubic yard of glass block mortar, you need to buy and mix:
4.5 bags of Portland cement (94 lb bags)
3.6 bags of hydrated lime (50 lb bags)
0.72 tons of sand
Note
Lime types versus Mortar mix designations
Limestone formed by nature contains varying proportions of calcium to magnesium.
No large scientist with a giant beaker and a set of stoppered test tubes measured
out the things that make up rocks beforehand. Some of it has more magnesium
while other limestone rock has more calcium. For making mortar, it is desirable to
have from a third to a half of the rock from which the mortar lime is derived
composed of magnesium carbonate. The remainder then would be from one half to
two thirds calcium carbonate. A limestone whose composition falls within these
percentages is dolomitic limestone and from it is made Type S lime hydrate.
Masonry lime made from limestone that is composed of less than 5% magnesium
carbonate (called high calcium limestone since it is 95% to 99% calcium
carbonate) is labeled Type N lime hydrate. Type S lime is used to make masonry
mortar. Type N lime can be used only if it is tested and proven on a batch by batch
basis. The type S lime designation stands for Special and the type N stands for
Normal. The special lime hydrate is the one normally used and the normal lime
hydrate is used only with special testing. These lime "types" have absolutely nothing
to with mortar mixes type N and type S. You must never, ever confuse these iime
hydrate types with mortar mixes. They have nothing to do with one another. Why
"they" should label them with the same designations, we have no idea.
Mason Work
The five typical mortar mixes designated types M,S,N,O and K are labeled so
because each is an alternate letter in the term MASON WORK in descending psi
strength. These designations were assigned in 1954 and replaced the mortar
file:///C:/All%20Brian's%20Stuff/brian's%202006%20stuff/hist%20dist%20comm%202006... 4/6/2015
11/5/14
(b) Parking structures are permitted on the second floor and above. The floors dedicated to
parking shall have a facade that complies with the Section: 36-435.05 (b) New
Construction.
(c) Surface Parking: All surface parking lots, either commercial or private, are not permitted
on properties with frontage along Main Street or Capitol Avenue.
(d) Plant material shall be as described in Sec. 36-435.9 (a).
Sec. 36-435.08. Streetscape - Hardscape.
Sidewalks shall employ Low Impact Development (LID) strategies by installing
permeable pavers in the 4' brick strip on sand along the sidewalk. Permeable pavers are not
prohibited from being installed for the entirety of the sidewalk area. Care should be taken in
the event that a basement is located under the sidewalk.
Rain gardens may be installed per the specifications of the "Main Street Water Quality
Demonstration" plans dated 2013.
(a) Sidewalks and right-of-way improvements in general.
All repairs and new construction shall conform to this dKiision in materials,
construction methods, shape, size, etc. Samples of material shall be provided to the
City's Planning Department Director or its representative to verify material match prior to
installation.
(b) Width and clearance.
(1) Sidewalks shall consist of a concrete walk in addition to a four (4'-0") feet permeable
paving strip located at the back of curb.
(2) Sidewalks shall provide adequate clearance fol- .ease of pedestrian traffic and
movement.
(c) Materials.
(1) The walks., curbs, gutters, and tree grate frames shall be concrete in a broom
finished concrete.
(2)_ The permeable paving strip shall consist of Hanover Architectural Products #4005 4
%142" x 9" Permeable Paver in Charcoal or approved substitute.
(3) A tree root barrier system shall be installed at every tree well. All barrier systems
shall be DeepRoot 24" Universal Guide or approved equal.
(d) Tree planting.
(1) The permeable paving strip shall be four (4) feet wide on two (2) inch sand base over
a minimum of 8" depth of compacted gravel. A non -woven geotextile shall be laid
between the corpacted gravel and the sand base. No concrete base for pavers
shall be installed.
(e) Tree grates.
(1) Tree grates shall be four (4) feet by four (4) feet cast iron located at the back of curb.
All new tree grates shall be Ironsmith 4124 48"x48" Paver Grate W/TR concentric
ring tree grate in textured bronze powder coat finish or approved equal. Samples of
materials shall be provided to the DRC or its representative to verify match prior to
installation.
(f) Subdrainage.
Page 4 of 8
Maspnry Conversions - Mortar
Page 6 of 6
designations A-1, A-2, B and C.
M 2,500 psi
A
S 1,800 psi
O
N 750 psi
O 350 psi
IV
K 75 psi
:. i F4 . t•
0,=., ;Y� b•i�; I��. sir: e~%-VlR Il.v'.F;- r
Know that a weaker psi mortar is not a "bad" or inferior mortar to one with a higher
psi. A lower psi mortar has much better adhesive and sealing powers than a higher
one. Mortars are selected on the balance between these attributes as to what is
required for the building situation on a particular spat in the job. A type M mortar
with its high strength yet poor adhesion and sealing can be a bad choice for one
area of the job and just what is needed in another.
knack to tom
file:///C:/All%20Brian's%20Stuff/briar's%202006%20stuff/Kist%20dist%20comm%202006... 4/6/2015
11/5/14
Legend
PUCO Parcels Assessor
Main Street DOD
PoterriaMsMcl:
OVERLAY —districts
MacArthur Park HISWeDtatrict
IIN River Marks(
Historic Districts
N.
Proposed Mali Street DOD Potentaf Areas A
Page 8 of 8
"s